Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) updated Master Directions on Compounding of Contraventions under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), issued on April 22, 2025, vide Notification No. RBI/FED/2025-26/135, FED Master Direction No.04/2025-26) and amended via RBI/FED/2025-26/32, A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 04/2025-26 dated April 24, 2025. The said guidelines aim to streamline the compounding process, promote voluntary compliance, and enhance transparency in handling FEMA violations.
Below is a summary of the key aspects in reference to the Master Directions:
1. What is Compounding?
Compounding is a process that allows individuals or entities to voluntarily admit breaches of FEMA provisions, plead guilty, and seek redressal by paying a penalty.
This simplifies resolution, minimizes legal proceedings, and ensures compliance.
2. Key Updates in the Master Direction:
• Revised Compounding Rules: The Foreign Exchange (Compounding Proceedings) Rules, 2024, notified on September 12, 2024, have replaced the Foreign Exchange (Compounding Proceedings) Rules, 2000,
introducing higher monetary limits for compounding authorities and modernized payment methods.
• Application Process: Applications for compounding can be submitted physically or via the RBI’s PRAVAAH Portal with a fee of ₹10,000 plus GST. The application must include details such as foreign direct investment, external commercial borrowings, or branch/liaison office activities, along with an undertaking that the applicant is not under investigation by the Directorate of Enforcement (DoE).
• Compounding Authorities: The RBI’s Regional Offices and the Foreign Exchange Department (FED), CO Cell in New Delhi, are authorized to handle compounding applications.
• Non-Compoundable Cases: Contraventions involving unquantifiable amounts, serious offenses like money laundering, terror financing, or those already adjudicated by the DoE are not eligible for compounding.
Repeated contraventions within three years or cases under DoE investigation may also be ineligible.
• Payment of Penalty: The compounding amount, as specified in the order, must be paid within 15 days via demand draft or NEFT or RTGS or other permissible electronic modes in favor of the RBI. Failure to pay deems the application invalid, potentially leading to DoE referral.
• Compounding Matrix: A refined matrix provides transparency in calculating penalties, considering factors like undue gains, loss caused, and the contravener’s conduct. For non-reporting contraventions, the compounding authority may cap the penalty at ₹2,00,000 per contravention in exceptional cases, promoting a less punitive approach for technical lapses.
• Certificate of Compliance: Upon payment, the RBI issues a certificate confirming compliance with the compounding order.
It may be ensured that intimation of payment of application fee, to respective Regional Office, CO Cell, or Central Office, as the case may be. The compounding application must be accompanied by the payment details including the UTR number evidencing the payment of the application fee.
Please refer to the RBI’s official guidelines at https://www.rbi.org.in or contact the RBI’s Foreign Exchange Department for further details.
Disclaimer: This is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.